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Longeing
Longeing (US English, classical spelling) or lungeing (UK English, informal USA) is a technique for training horses, where a horse is asked to work at the end of a long line and respond to commands from a handler on the ground who holds the line. It is also a critical component of the sport of equestrian vaulting. Longeing is performed on a large circle with the horse traveling around the outside edge of a real or imaginary ring with the trainer in the middle.
==Pronunciation and spelling==
The word is believed to be derived from either the French word ''allonge,''〔( Definition and origins of "Longe" )〕 meaning "to lengthen",〔(Translation of ''allonge'' )〕 or the Latin ''longa'' ("long").〔 In both cases, the root word featured spelling with an "o" and emphasizes lengthening and extension, so although always pronounced ''"lungeing"'', the traditional spelling of the word in English is "longeing",〔("longe". Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. (accessed: March 19, 2007). )〕〔Hill, Cherry. ''Longeing and Long Lining, The English and Western Horse: A Total Program.'' Howell Reference Books, p.1〕 This spelling has been used by the majority of past dressage masters who wrote in English,〔''See, e.g.'' Wynmalen, Henry. ''Dressage,'' Podhajsky, Alois. ''The Complete Training of Horse and Rider.''〕 and remains in use by traditional horsemanship organizations in the United States such as the United States Pony Clubs.〔Harris, Susan E. ''The USPC Guide to Longeing and Ground Training.'' Howell Equestrian Library, 1997. ISBN 0-87605-640-0, ISBN 978-0-87605-640-0〕
The phonetic "lungeing" spelling dates back to the 1800s,〔〔The Oxford English Dictionary in its entry under "lunge, longe" quotes the "lungeing" spelling for the verb used as early as 1806 ('You might as safely have backed Bucephalus, before Alexander had lunged him.') and the noun in 1886 ('The colt should be kept going round the lunge, until ().')〕 but has only become popular since the late 20th century. It is now used by an increasing number of books and magazine articles on the subject〔See, e.g. Loriston-Clark, Jennie ''Lungeing and Long Reining Book'' J.A.Allen & Co Ltd.〕 and in the United Kingdom, is the spelling both the British Horse Society〔(BHS Preliminary Teaching Test syllabus. ), ''British Horse Society''. Web site accessed November 20, 2011.〕 and the Association of British Riding Schools (ABRS)〔(Association of British Riding Schools, ADVANCED TEACHING DIPLOMA SYLLABUS. ) Web site accessed February 9, 2012.〕 use in their material. It is also the usual spelling in both New Zealand and Australia,〔Delbridge, Arthur, The Macquarie Dictionary, 2nd ed., Macquarie Library, North Ryde, 1991〕 and, since 2009, by the FEI in their equestrian vaulting rules.〔(FEI 2009 vaulting rules )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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